Should Worldcom Ceo Bernard Ebbers Been Sentenced to 25 Years in Prison free essay sample

The WorldCom misrepresentation that became known in 2002 was a case of numerous things that turned out badly inside the association. Deceptive direct by its senior administration starting with Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Bernard Ebbers was absolutely at the cutting edge of these issues. The inquiry is should a CEO like Ebbers have been condemned to jail for his risk in the WorldCom embarrassment? My answer is indeed, he should’ve gone to jail just as different CEOs who participate in dishonest direct that outcomes parents in law being disregarded. I will bolster my answer by aking a gander at the obligations of a CEO, concentrating on administration duties and responsibility. I will examine reasons for moral issues in CEOs and wrap up by talking about utilitarian and deontological moral issues as they related to Ebbers. Foundation As the media communications industry eased back in the late 1990s, WorldCom’s stock value started to diminish. Ebbers went under weight from money related organizations to cover edge approaches WorldCom stock he used to back different organizations (Vasatka, 2007). We will compose a custom paper test on Ought to Worldcom Ceo Bernard Ebbers Been Sentenced to 25 Years in Prison? or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page From 1999 to 2002, a couple WorldCom senior administrators occupied with false bookkeeping rehearses. These practices were esigned to depict misfortunes as development to people in general. Ebbers surrendered as CEO under tension for a few reasons irrelevant to the bookkeeping extortion on April 29, 2002 (Beresford, Katzenbach Rogers, 2003). Cynthia Cooper drove an inside review examination of suspected bookkeeping inconsistencies in May-June 2002. As per Ms. Cooper’s articulation, she talked about the examination with WorldCom Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Scott Sullivan on June 12, 2002. She at that point talked about her examination with two others on June 13, 2002. They were Max E. Bobbitt, Chairman of the Audit Committee, WorldCom Board of Directors and Mr.Farrell Malone, commitment accomplice of KMPG, LLP, an outside review organization. The Board of Directors met on June 25, 2002 and chose to distribute a reexamined budget report for 2001 and first quarter 2002. They additionally chose to report this activity to the U. S. Protections and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the occasions paving the way to it (WorldCom, 2002). The SEC propelled its own examination concerning the issue (Vasatka, 2007) and brought common activity against various WorldCom officials in June 2002 (SEC, 2002). WorldCom petitioned for financial protection assurance on July 21, 2002. The U. S. Equity Department rought criminal allegations against Ebbers and a few other WorldCom officials. For his job in the outrage, Ebbers was indicted in Federal court on March 15, 2005 and afterward on July 13, 2005 condemned to 25 years in jail. The CEO as a Leader To inspect the issues for this situation from a standardizing morals perspective, I accept that we should perceive what a CEO does in playing out the authority elements of their activity as they identify with moral issues. A decent depiction of the CEO’s position of authority can be found in The Duties of a Chief Executive Officer (Wibowo Kleiner, 2005). The creators refer to data in CEO Reasons for Ethical Problems in CEOs The situation of CEO is one that has a lot of intensity. There is a statement from British student of history Lord Acton (1834-1902): â€Å"Power will in general degenerate, and total force ruins completely. Incredible men are quite often awful men† (Lewis, n. d. ). In the article No Fair Shake for Shareholders, the writer examines the CEO character as perhaps adding to the moral issues that emerge with certain CEOs. Attributes, for example, a solid inner self, left unchecked can transform into awful conduct. Presidents typically are acceptable sales reps and they regularly sell themselves on how great they are which swells their inner selves. A frail top managerial staff can neglect to consider a CEO responsible. He focuses on board obligations comparative with CEO responsibility (Wilson, 1989). In the article The Responsibility of the CEO Providing Ethical and Moral Leadership, Lewis says that there is a distinction between what is legitimate and what is moral. He focuses on the requirement for a culture of morals inside an association where all cooperative individuals practice great morals, including the CEO. He says laws just arrangement with part of the moral issues looked by organizations. He refers to substantial rivalry and weight numerous representatives feel to take part in exploitative conduct as a portion of the keys to the issue. Great corporate administration, starting with the CEO, is imperative to building a decent moral culture inside the association (Lewis, 2002). Conversation of Ethical Issues Pertaining to Ebbers had a duty to the workers of the organization, speculators, and people in general to report WorldCom’s funds precisely and sincerely. He was responsible to the top managerial staff for his activities as CEO †both great and terrible. Ebbers should’ve had devotion to these individuals to assist them with maintaining a strategic distance from the money related misfortunes coming about because of WorldCom’s unsteady monetary circumstance. This is a case of an utilitarian morals issue. Because of his position, he should’ve had everyone's benefit of every one of these individuals at the top of the priority list as he ran WorldCom. In any case, Ebbers permitted deceptive practices to proceed with his insight, with the outcome that numerous individuals lost cash when WorldCom failed. Ebbers had a commitment to give legitimate fiscal reports so as to not to disregard the privileges of others. He flopped in this commitment, damaging the privileges of numerous individuals all the while. This is a case of deontological morals. Proceeding on this track, financial specialists likewise reserve a privilege to know reality with regards to organizations that they are putting resources into or may put resources into. They additionally have a commitment to find out as much about the organizations they are putting resources into or wanting to put resources into. Because of the misrepresentation submitted by senior administrators and permitted by Ebbers, WorldCom’s open budget summaries made it hard for speculators to know reality with regards to its monetary wellbeing. Indeed, even with the deceitful proclamations, a few speculators had the option to learn of a portion of the anomalies in WorldCom. Investors recorded a claim against WorldCom in June 2001 asserting across the board false bookkeeping rehearses. The case was in this way tossed out by an adjudicator in Mississippi (Weinberg, 2002). In this case of deontological morals investors acted to ensure their privileges. Additionally by learning reality with regards to WorldCom they satisfied their commitment to pick up as much information about the organization as possible. Notwithstanding Ebbers’ failings, there are others that ought to be referenced in this conversation of morals. Initially, WorldCom archives and declaration of workers uncovered that a few representatives found issues as far back as 2000, attempted to plan something for right them, and fizzled (Waggoner, 2002). The inquiry is how hard did these individuals attempt to address what they saw that wasn't right? From an utilitarian morals viewpoint, they needed to realize numerous individuals could get injured if this proceeded. Furthermore, with respect to the investor claim recently referenced why didn’t the governing body or the SEC demonstration when these charges were made? The load up neglected to consider Ebbers responsible for the bookkeeping extortion that was being revealed about two years from the time it opened up to the world in 2000. From a deontological morals perspective, they had a commitment to investigate these claims so the privileges of others wouldn’t be disregarded. End Ebbers’ conviction and jail sentence were legitimized. From an utilitarian morals point of view, he was capable and responsible to serve everyone's benefit of others and flopped in that limit. From a deontological perspective, he additionally had a commitment to guarantee the privileges of others related with WorldCom wouldn’t be abused and he neglected to meet this commitment too. Contributing components to the WorldCom disaster were poor corporate administration and a corporate culture where a few workers knew about issues yet neglected to get remedial activity taken.

Leaders and Managers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pioneers and Managers - Term Paper Example This paper talks about that the job of a chief and a pioneer in the authoritative setting are diverse as for their capacity inside the gathering. Gomez-Mejia and Balkin depict a pioneer as an individual â€Å"that empowers individuals to contribute their best separately and in participation with other people†. The portrayal or definition recognizes key components of the job that recognizes a pioneer from a director. Schein says pioneers are answerable for making and setting up the way of life inside an association. Likewise, pioneers basically and on a very basic level structure the strategic the association and make nature inside the way of life in which the tasks of the association will work. By and large, the term chief conveys the spiritualist of an individual with an overwhelming character and nearness that can get others to do act in specific manners. While the delineations of such characters depict a specific sort of pioneer the fundamental quality of affecting others i s material to the hierarchical setting. As per Maxwell, â€Å"Leadership is impact nothing more, nothing less†. His announcement insists that a leader’s essential capacity inside an association is to impact others provide guidance and direction to the exercises inside the hierarchical structure and culture. Pioneers impact what choices are settled, on the most proficient method to actualize the choices picked and help with figuring systems to partition the work between the specific work gatherings to meet the objectives and goals of the organization.... Then again, a manager’s nearness and collaboration with laborers in the association is crucial for guaranteeing and keeping up a solid culture. Another obligation of their job is to make certain the procedures inside the association are in arrangement with the vital objectives. Utilizing an up close and personal and hands-on approach as indicated by Schein (2004) produces higher proficiency and attachment inside the authoritative culture. He utilizes the term â€Å"visible management† surmising the significance of managers’ noticeable nearness inside the authoritative culture and the essentialness of a manager’s availability for laborers (p. 228). The executives in the â€Å"New Millennium† as portrayed by Gomez-Mejia and Balkin (2002, p. 4) and due to globalization and the decentralization of the hierarchical plan is rendering the customary supervisor inadequate in the present condition. The new condition doesn't permit an administrator to play out their obligations in disconnection without human trade and collaboration (Schein, 2004). The arrangement of the board and administrators in the present serious and innovative atmosphere requires those in overseeing positions to build up extra abilities for more significant levels of effectiveness in light of the advancing outside and interior situations. Schein (2004) recommends three sorts of administrators exist in an association: 1) vital, 2) strategic, and 3) operational (pp. 4-5). In his examination the progressive plan mirrors a top down authoritative structure with the key director speaking to the senior official degree of supervisors or the upper degree of the board. In the job of a vital chief one duty is to build up the key objectives

Twelve Angry Men Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Twelve Angry Men Persuasive Essay Now and then in life your callings think about your characters. Twelve Angry Men is a case of where this happens. Twelve men are united in a space to choose whether a kid is liable of murdering his dad. Regardless of whether they brought positive or negative characteristics from their calling, they all influenced the result. The authority abilities of Courtney Vance, the sympathy of Dorian Harwood, and the obstinate Tony Danza influenced the activities and choices in the jury room. Courtney Vance is a secondary school football trainer; his situation in the jury room is a foreman. On the football field, Vance goes about as a go between, a pioneer, and a coordinator. We will compose a custom exposition on Twelve Angry Men Persuasive explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now As a foreman for this preliminary, Vance certainly conveys each one of those attributes into the jury stay with him. On the off chance that it were not for Vance, there would not have been any request in the jury room. He goes about as a mentor in the jury room as he shaped barely recognizable differences of regard. He goes about as a middle person for the entirety of the contentions that went on in the jury room. Unfailingly, Vance is there to quiet everybody down and recover request in the room. His initiative aptitudes sparkle in the jury room too. He controls and leads each conversation, talking request, casting a ballot, nd exhibition. Vance takes on the main job and handles it well. He additionally carries association into the jury room by sorting out the juries, the conversations, and the votes. With the amazing attributes that Vance brings into the jury room, he permits the preliminary to run easily and successfully. Dorian Harwood? s calling as medical attendant likewise shapes his activities in the jury room. In the jury room, he acts with sympathy and regard. As a medical caretaker he does likewise. His empathy lies in thinking about another. He relates that to the preliminary by thinking about the kid as one of his patients. He needs him to have a reasonable hance at life, and thusly needs him to have a reasonable preliminary. In the jury room, he acts with deference since he is exceptionally uncertain about the case, and truly doesn't have the foggiest idea how he feels about things. So when it is his chance to talk he goes to hear the others before he makes an inappropriate presumption. With these activities he shows a great deal of regard for the kid being investigated, yet in addition to different juries. Harwood certainly shows empathy and regard in the jury room, and these solid characteristics originate from his experience as a medical attendant. Tony Danza, a sales rep, unquestionably acquires his working characteristics with him the ury room. As a sales rep, he is anxious, stubborn, and impolite. Tony couldn't care less about anybody yet himself. He shows that he is eager by not in any event, considering the preliminary but instead the baseball tickets that he has for that night. He simply needs to leave when he can. He is obstinate and that certainly hangs out in the jury room. He couldn't care less what anybody needs to state. He has his own convictions and couldn't care less or need to hear any other person? s sees. He is additionally known to be discourteous, in light of the fact that he shows no empathy or thought towards the kid being investigated and he simply needs to get it over ith. He doesn't stop to imagine that somebody? s life is on the line, he is too worried about his own. Tony? s calling doesn't give him the best characteristics, as he doesn't have the best characteristics in the jury room. Courtney Vance, Dorian Harwood, and Tony Danza are three men who are molded by the callings in which they live. Their callings give the men certain characteristics, great and terrible, that they convey with them into different pieces of their lives. Each man shows these characteristics in the jury room and they influence the activities and choices that are made.

The Underlying Truth The Locavore Movement - Free Essay Example

Sometimes a new and hot trend is not everything it is portrayed to be. For the majority of people, the concept of locavorism is foreign. But for others, this is a lifestyle they have committed to. The term locavore can be defined as one who exclusively purchases and consumes foods from local farms or farmers. However, the local aspect can be quite conflicting as right within the community, versus a hundred miles from it, are both considered acceptable. Essentially, supporting the locavore movement will not be beneficial to a community due to the key issues concerning the absence of nutritional benefits and the impact it has on the environment. A key issue in the locavore movement is the absence of nutritional benefits. The locavore movement deceives its audience in which naturally, the majority assumes that they will be healthier. However, this is not the case. It simply is not necessary to eat locally in order to be healthy as the average American is not nutrient-deprived (Smith and MacKinnon). In fact, making smart choices at a global megamart is more than enough to suffice. Another major problem to take into consideration are those who are less fortunate. Whether it is because their communities are food deserts that are too far from major centers of food production, (Roberts) or they simply cannot afford the costs, fresh and nutritious foods are typically not an option for underprivileged individuals. People of all incomes and classes should be able to participate in a community movement, however, this is not the case. Undoubtedly, this makes the movement impractical and unfair. An implication is the increasing amount o f †uneducated† individuals who believe that the locavore movement is more beneficial in health and nutrition. However, this contrasts directly with the less fortunate people. In their communities, it is not easy for an individual to find the time or funds to go far in order to eat locally or more healthfully. All in all, the locavore movement is neither beneficial nor inclusive for all societies. Another key issue involved with the locavore movement is the toll it takes on the health of the environment. Lately, being mindful of the environment and going green has been in the headlines. Locavores are automatically associated with doing just this. Locavores believe that† because their food is local †they are saving the planet in various ways, one concerning pollution. As for ethical concerns, the travel costs for food such as carbon emissions and fuel† do not by any means outweigh the processing practices, water availability, packaging waste, and fertilizer application (McWilliams) of the local side. Local or not, the food will have to undergo these processes. Furthermore, food production†local or not†is accountable for the majority of greenhouse gases emitted into the environment (Chart). Transportation on the other hand, plays a very minor role. The idea that locavores are changing our planet for the better is said with disregard to the many nega tive impacts it actually has. Ultimately, the locavore movement is misleading as well as unrealistic. Although it is widely viewed as a health conscious trend because of its naturally positive connotations this is ironically not the case. The movement is not any more beneficial than the normal food options, is not inclusive to all social classes, and is in fact, not any more considerate to our planet. More often than not, what lies beneath the face value of a movement is deception.

Ideas for Thank You Card Quotes

Do you say thank you to your host after attending a party? Do you say thank you to friends who bring you lovely presents? Sometimes mere thanks may sound insincere. Express your heartfelt gratitude by sending thank you cards. Use these quotes to make your cards really special. Quotations of Gratitude Irving BerlinGot no checkbooks, got no banks.Still Id like to express my thanks.I got the sun in the mornin and the moon at night.AnonymousI would thank you from the bottom of my heart, but for you my heart has no bottom.Oscar WildeThe smallest act of kindness is worth more than the grandest intention.Ralph Waldo EmersonFor each new morning with its light,For rest and shelter of the night,For health and food, for love and friends,For everything Thy goodness sends.William ShakespeareI can no other answer make, but, thanks, and thanks.G K ChestertonYou say grace before meals. All right. But I say grace before the concert and the opera, and grace before the play and pantomime, and grace before I open a book, and grace before sketching, painting, swimming, fencing, boxing, walking, playing, dancing and grace before I dip the pen in the ink.James Russell LowellNot what we give,But what we share,For the gift without the giverIs bare.John Greenleaf WhittierNo longer forward nor behindI look in hope or fear;But, grateful, take the good I find,The best of now and here.br/>Helen KellerI thank God for my handicaps for, through them, I have found myself: my work, and my God.Benjamin DisraeliI feel a very unusual sensation -- if it is not indigestion, I think it must be gratitude.George EllistonHow beautiful a day can beWhen kindness touches it!EE CummingsI thank you God I thank you God for this most amazing day, for the leaping greenly spirits of trees, and for the blue dream of sky and for everything which is natural, which is infinite, which is yes.OvidThanks are justly due for boons unbought.Henry Van DykeBe glad of life because it gives you the chance to love, and to work, and to play and to look up at the stars.

Microsoft vs. Apple - 1635 Words

Chapter 1 The Problem Introduction Rivalry between Apple and Microsoft has existed for a long time. While Microsoft dominates the market by providing an operating system to nine tenths of the number of users (Net Applications, 2011), Apple s products bring an alternative to the consumers experience. Moreover, given Apple s steady growth in the last years (Yahoo Finance, 2011) the competition is still ongoing and fierce, as some PC users (sustained mostly by Microsoft) are switching to a Mac (offered by Apple). According to Morgenthaler (2008), [b]y failing to modernize its operating system in a timely way, Microsoft has left its flank wide open for an all-out assault from a once vanquished rival. Microsoft s Vista†¦show more content†¦By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. Laptop computer - is a personal computer for mobile use.[1] A laptop integrates most of the typical components of a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device (a touchpad, also known as a track pad or pointing stick) and speakers into a single unit. A laptop is powered by mains electricity via an AC adapter, and can be used away from an outlet using a rechargeable battery. 3 Computer - is a programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. An important class of computer operations on some computing platforms is the accepting of input from human operators and the output of results formatted for human consumption. The interface between the computer and the human operator is known as the user interface. Windows Phone 7.5 (codenamed Mango ) - is a major software update for Windows Phone, the mobile operating system by Microsoft. Although the OS internally identifies itself as version 7.1, it is marketed as version 7.5 in all published materials intended for end-users. The update was formally announced in New York on May 24, 2011, when Microsoft gave an in-depth preview of the update, shortly before which Steve Ballmer had disclosedShow MoreRelatedApple vs Microsoft1309 Words   |  6 PagesBryant Ri’chard 11-22-2010 Sheri Easton-Long 6 P.M. Apple vs. Microsoft Apple (formerly known as Macintosh) and Microsoft, without a doubt, produce the largest operating systems in the world OS X Lion and Windows 7. With Apple bringing in $20 billion and $4billion in profit, and Microsoft bringing in $62.48 billion and $18.76 billion in profit, there’s no doubt that these two super giants are going down anytime soon. 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Did some of your friends advice you to purchase Mac based laptops and others told you to buy Windows based laptops? We all go through this confusion when it gets to buying our personal laptop that we will be using for everything in our life including working on projects, studying, chatting with friends, playing games, etc. In 1984, Apple published its first MacintoshRead MoreApple vs. Microsoft Essay4129 Words   |  17 Pagesin the technology sector: Microsoft and Apple. We will examine how the differences in the three aspects make companies different, and how leadership, culture, and structure influence each other in determining how the company operates and performs. Microsoft is the world’s leading supplier of computer software, specifically focusing on development, manufacturing, licensing, and support. 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Processing - Structure and Interpretation

Question: Discuss about the Processing, Structure and Interpretation. Answer: Introduction: One of the most popular folk tales of the Middle East, Aladdin is still regarded as the best-known stories of The Arabian Nights. The story of Aladdin narrates the life of the son of a poor tailor, Mustapha, who fell prey to the mischief of a money-grubbing and acquisitive sorcerer who tempted and later compelled Aladdin to go down a cave in search of treasured wealth. Although the sorcerer tried his best to persuade Aladdin to go inside a dark cave, so as to fetch him a magical oil lamp, he ends up offering Aladdin a magic ring (Gordon and Jubin 2015). To Aladdins greatest astonishment, this ring could produce a wish-fulfilling genie on being vigorously rubbed. Subsequently, he also discovers the magical lamp, and owing to the genies of the lamp and the ring, Aladdin manages to earn much wealth for himself and his family, and gets happily married to the Princess Badroulbadour. The remaining part of the story narrates the adventure of Aladdin as he seeks to protect his genie from the attack of the sorcerer and later his brother. Aladdin is one of the most eminent tales of The Arabian Nights, which has enjoyed an unprecedented popularity among the children over the past decades. However, recent critics and scholars have tried to interpret the simple story in the light of a variety of critical theories and perspectives, some of which has been discussed here (Tuttle et al. 2015). Aladdin is more than a fairy tale, as the very opening lines of the story reflect a stark reality of life. The story holds a picture of grim inequality of classes and social differences, whereby in the city of Agrabah, some maidens are seen to be draped in jewels and gauze, while other people are found starving in the realm of crime and poverty. Although as the story opens, Aladdins benevolence is found to transcend class differences, by the ends of the story, his ideals of democracy and social contract seems to override his lust for wealth. At the end of the story, Aladdin is found enjoying his prosperity all for himself and his famil y. Besides, the feminist reading of the text has also provided an interesting perspective of the story, that helps the reader delve deeper into the true meaning of the story. Although a highly progressive woman, Jasmine is being over sexualized. Despite being feisty, she ends up being an ineffectual woman, who does nothing more than assuming a docile role throughput the story, refusing to participate in the adventure of Aladdin. Jasmine is refused to be granted the status of an independent woman, as she fails to exercise power over her own life. She is being compelled to marry a Prince against her own will, and she is being continually subject to the authority and even oppression of men, like her father and Jafar (Coyne 2014). She barely succeeds to resist, and to escape the problem, she ends up objectifying herself before Jafar. Besides, it is needless to state here that patriarchy dominates this fantasy tale throughout all the chapters, and even Aladdin himself is being granted agency by the father figures, such as the actual father, the sorcerer and the genie who play a crucial role in determining the fate of Aladdin, and the course of action of the tale. However, one of the most interesting interpretations of the tale can be the fact that Aladdin, as a character symbolically represents the true self of each living individual, who is often lost and misled in the realm of false selves. The supposed uncle can symbolically represent a false self, that misleads and misguides Aladdin, and tempts him to go inside the cave in search of the treasured oil lamp. Again, the psychological interpretation of the tale can be equally interesting, as Aladdin as a character can be seen as the symbolic representation of the conscious mind. On the other hand, the genie can be interpreted as the symbolic representation of the subconscious mind (Rahayu et al. 2015). The origin of each thought or course of action of an individual is the subconscious mind that can only help in actualizing the desires of a human being. Similarly, it is the genie which can help Aladdin in the realization of his dream, and is capable of moving the world, and translating his wis hes into reality. Besides, the subconscious mind is itself influenced by the presence of a dominant wish, and here the dominant wish is the wish of rubbing the genie (Martins et al. 2016). The idioms of any language form an important part of that language, as these idioms help in illuminating the depth of the language. One of the most popular idioms used in Myanmar is Its raining cats and dogs, which literally means that it is raining a lot, and the idiom is being used especially during the monsoon seasons to refer to the rainy weather. Again, another idiom that is also being used in Myanmar language is there is a snake in the grass, which is being used to imply the occurrence of an abnormal thing. This idiom is being used usually, when something occurs, that cannot be considered to be normal, and there is something fishy, suspicious or eerie about it (Cacciari and Tabossi 2014). The third popular idiom used in the Myanmar language is take the bread out of somebodys mouth, that literally means depriving someone of earning livelihood for his family, by one mean or the other. To bite off more than you can chew is also a very commonly used idiom, popular in Myanmar. The i diom literally means a situation where an individual tries to do something that exceeds his capability. The last most important idiom that is also being used in Myanmar is the lights are on, but nobody is at home, which means a scenario where none is paying any kind of heed to an individual. The tendency of the writer to employ the use of unnecessary words and phrases in the writing is referred to as the redundancy in writings. Redundancy as a feature, characterizing the writings, often deteriorates the quality of writing, by making the writing seem longer, and the content irrelevant. A writer usually incorporates the quality of redundancy in his writings, as he may be willing to increase his word count, by using additional words, the omission of which would not affect the content in any way (Bennui 2016). Besides, a common reason of using the redundant style of writing is that it may help the writer describe the scenario in a more vivid and elaborate fashion. Besides, redundancy is often used for emphasizing a fact. The writer should minimize the use of redundancy in his writing, as it renders a superfluous style to the writing, no matter how much interesting the content is. The five examples of redundancy are being stated below: Actual fact- A fact is essentially a bit of information that is actual, and is based on real facts, and hence the use of actual is redundant. Past history- There is no point in referring the historical time as past Plan ahead- As an when an individual is planning, he s planning for the time ahead, and hence the word ahead is redundant Unexpected surprise- A surprise is always unexpected, and hence it is a surprise Unintentional mistake- A mistake committed is always unintentional. An attention grabbing news doing the rounds in Singapore is that a recent caf has been set up in the country, which is themed on the story of Harry Potter. Inspired by the fantasy tale, the Platform 1094 Caf, intends to conjure the magical, spell-bound world of Hogwarts, and hence the caf has a wooden interior that will certainly create an eerie feel in the mind of the customer. Besides, what is even more interesting is that the food items offered by the caf are also named keeping in mind the craze of the novel series, and thus the caf served items like a cocktail, named Goblet of Fire. The topic sentence of the news article is the set up of the Harry Potter themed caf in Singapore. The main point here is that for the first time, a caf is being set up the interior as well as the food menu of which is inspired by the Hogwarts. The first supporting point here is that the caf tries to conjure a magical atmosphere by creating a wooden and brick interior, and the second supporting sentence is that it serves food items such as Goblet of Fire, for the same. Paraphrasing is defined as the act of expressing the same content, by employing the use of a different style, vocabulary and expression. The literary text as well as the paraphrased text are being used for expressing the same meaning, though the two barely resemble in the style or vocabulary. Paragraph to be paraphrased: The best way to manage your stress is to learn healthycoping strategies. You can start practicing these tips right away. Try one or two until you find a few that work for you. Practice these techniques until they become habits you turn to when you feel stress. You can also use these strategiesto see how you respond to stress. Stress-relief techniques focus on relaxing your mind and your body. In order to cope with stress related issues, one should learn the different coping strategies. The coping strategies can be daily practiced to get rid of the stress. A couple of strategies can be used for relaxing the body. These techniques should be learnt so that these can be used during the period of personal or professional stress. These strategies will help you understand how you should respond to stressful situations. The stress coping techniques help in relieving the mind as well as the body of the stress. For helping a friend learn foreign words, he has been so far unaware of I will primarily recommend a dictionary. A good dictionary will help the friend comprehend the possible meanings of the unknown words easily. Besides, I will also ask him to note down the meanings of these words in his diary, which he can refer to, as and when he forgets the meanings. Besides, I will also ask him to use the word parts, such as the prefixes and the suffixes, to understand the meaning of the words in an elaborate way. Besides, the context clues can also be used for confirming the meaning of the unknown word or phrase. Reference List: Bennui, P., 2016. 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Tuttle, B.T., Anderson, S., Elvidge, C., Ghosh, T., Baugh, K. and Sutton, P., 2014. Aladdins Magic Lamp: Active Target Calibration of the DMSP OLS.Remote Sensing,6(12), pp.12708-12722.